天游线路检测中心 Aiming for chemistry in harmony with the environment: Innovation in organic synthesis technology supported by measuring devices

INTERVIEW 06

Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo
Professor Osamu Kobayashi

塑料材料对于治疗和预防疾病的药物、工业和日常生活至关重要。
The substances created by chemistry have enriched society, but their production has always been accompanied by problems such as pollution and environmental contamination东京大学小林修教授不断努力实现与环境和谐的化学。

I want to reproduce in vivo organic synthesis in a flask

``I wanted to eliminate the negative aspects of chemistry,'' says Professor Osamu Kobayashi of the University of Tokyo, a top runner in the field of ``green chemistry'' Green chemistry is an environmentally friendly approach to chemistry that aims to reduce the waste generated when synthesizing chemical substances, and to minimize the energy and resources consumed, as well as the impact on the human body and the environmentいうまでもなく環境負荷低減は21世紀の主要課題で、教授の研究には内外から多くの目が集まっている。
教授认为理想的化学反应是在活体内发生的化学反应。 Due to the action of enzymes, countless chemical reactions take place without a moment's rest, but water is almost the only ``solvent'' that dissolves materials On the other hand, in conventional chemical synthesis carried out in factories and laboratories, organic solvents such as toluene and acetone are often used这些对环境影响很大，对人体有害，所以不能按原样处理。当然，所有生物反应产生的废物都很容易回归大自然。仔细想想，生物体如同化工厂一样应对环境的能力可以说是惊人的。
The idea of being able to reproduce this ideal organic synthesis in a flask became the starting point for his work on green chemistry

催化剂在水中稳定

そんな教授が长年取り组み続けている研究が水を溶媒にした有机合成の一般に、有机合成では原料のほとんどが脂溶性なので、水を溶媒とすると原料は溶けない。 In addition, since the catalyst that activates the reaction decomposes when it comes into contact with water, water is thoroughly removed from the flasks used for有机合成の常识からすると、水を溶媒にするというのは考えられないことだった。溶けない原料の反応と水の中で分解されない触媒の開発。前代未聞の研究は当然のことながら、当初、失敗の連続だったという。
"Many researchers in synthetic organic chemistry are more interested in creating new compounds than in the structure of catalysts and reaction mechanisms On the contrary, I wanted to know the structure and reaction mechanisms of catalysts I thought that if I understood that, I could open the way to organic reactions using water as a solvent"
经过多次试验和错误，答案是一种将表面活性剂与稀土三氟甲磺酸盐（一种路易斯酸催化剂）相结合的催化剂。稀土三氟甲磺酸盐是一种特殊的路易斯酸催化剂，在水中不会失去活性，该教授是世界上第一个发现它是“在水中稳定的催化剂”的人。稀土三氟甲磺酸盐在水中反应活性较低，但当与表面活性剂结合时，它们会像肥皂分子一样包围原料分子。污垢この包み込んだ内部で触媒と原料の反応が行われるので反応性も高くなる。しかも水に溶けないため、合成后に恢复してriサイクルできる。
Starting with this, the professor spent 25 years pursuing catalysts that work effectively in water, and now 20% of the basic reactions used in organic synthesis can be performed using water as a solvent ``Twenty percent may not sound like a small amount, but it is the result of working on the most valuable and difficult-to-synthesize substancesNow that the reaction mechanism of catalysts has been clarified, research will rapidly accelerate in the future,'' he says confidently

办公桌上的制药厂

ポイントは、いかに副产物を出さず、目的とする物质を作り出す反応过程を设计するか。そして、それを実现する触媒をいかに作るかだ。
Years of research to develop solid catalysts that are insoluble in solvents came into play here as well With a solid catalyst, the catalyst used in the reaction in the previous column will not flow into the next column The degree of freedom in designing the reaction process and combining catalysts has also increased In addition, because the design requires only a column and a pump, the equipment size is one-tenth that of batch synthesis, and the amount of waste required for organic synthesis is one-hundredth
``You can create a pharmaceutical factory on your desk Even with that size, you can easily produce 1 kg per hour,'' says the professor
2015年の4月には、阻碍を抑制える效果のある薬の成分、ロ里プラムを作り出すことに成功。该论文发表在科学杂志《自然》上。不仅可以通过简单地更换色谱柱来分离药品生产中需要极其小心的对映体，而且还表现出很高的生产效率，可以将 50% 的原料提取为药物。
“现在生产效率已经提升到90%以上，是时候考虑实际应用了。”

看看别人没见过的东西

制药行业和其他行业的期望只会越来越高，JEOL 多年来一直支持教授的研究。
触媒表面の経时変化を観察するのに电子顕微镜は欠くことのできない装置だ。日本电子は装置だけでなく、近距离した専属オペreーターも定时し、教授のすぐそばで研究を手伝っている。
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which analyzes the molecular structure of substances at the atomic level, is used to clarify the reaction mechanism of catalysts Generally, it is easier to measure any substance if it is dissolved in a solvent, but the catalysts the professor is researching are solids that do not dissolve in water When they first started their research, they struggled with the lack of effective methods, but in 1997, JEOL jointly developed a measurement method and application that could be the answer, supporting the research先进的应用现在在高性能催化剂的开发中发挥着作用。
さらに今回、固体试料用のNMR、JNM-ECZ600Rを导入水も有机溶媒も必要とせず、固体のまま反応する新しい触媒开発を见越してのことだという。

让化学丰富社会

目前，教授正计划通过产官学合作启动一个试点工厂，以扩大对流动合成的理解。 The idea is to make the plant available to any interested company so that they can experience the benefits of flow synthesis 氢是一种高度易燃易爆的物质，如果将其合成一种名为甲基环己烷的稳定物质，就可以安全运输。 toluene教授はメチルシクロヘキサンから水素を効率的に取り出す触媒の開発を目指している。
"I think it's important to have contact with society, rather than just focusing on research and academia Through chemistry, I want to contribute not only to the environment, but also to human welfare, health, and energy issues"

Posted: July 2016

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